New York – Qahwa World
Coffee prices continued to decline on Monday as traders reacted to signs of a possible breakthrough in trade negotiations between the United States and Brazil. The downward movement follows a volatile week in which arabica and robusta futures hit multi-month highs before retreating sharply.
Market optimism grew after Brazil’s President Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva announced that his meeting with U.S. President Donald Trump, held on the sidelines of the ASEAN Summit in Malaysia, was “surprisingly good.” Lula hinted that both nations were close to finding a “definitive solution” on trade within days. This development has raised expectations that the heavy tariffs imposed on Brazilian exports, including coffee, could soon be eased.
Brazil, the world’s largest coffee exporter, has been significantly affected by the 50 % tariffs placed on its coffee shipments to the U.S. earlier this year. The duties have disrupted the normal flow of beans to American buyers, forcing many roasters to look for alternative suppliers. As a result, coffee inventories monitored by ICE have dropped to their lowest levels in over a year — arabica stocks fell to 447,773 bags and robusta holdings slipped to just over 6,000 lots. Since nearly one-third of the U.S. coffee supply comes from Brazil, any shift in trade policy could have immediate effects on American imports and retail prices.
Even as the diplomatic news eased some pressure, weather conditions in Brazil continue to concern the market. Somar Meteorologia reported that the main arabica-producing state of Minas Gerais received only 0.3 millimeters of rain in the week ending October 24 — about 1 % of its normal rainfall. The Bloomberg Brazil Weather Analysis confirmed that rainfall across the region has been about 30 % below average for the past month, fueling fears that prolonged dryness could reduce flowering and affect the 2026/27 crop yield.
Meanwhile, Vietnam’s coffee sector, the world’s largest producer of robusta, is showing the opposite trend. The Vietnam Coffee and Cocoa Association expects production in 2025/26 to increase by 10 % year-on-year if favorable weather continues. Official statistics show that the country exported 1.23 million metric tons between January and September 2025 — up 10.9 % from a year earlier — and total output for the upcoming season is projected to reach 1.76 million tons, equivalent to 29.4 million bags. This would mark Vietnam’s most productive season in four years and continue to weigh on robusta prices.
The International Coffee Organization also reported that global coffee exports from October to August rose slightly by 0.2 % to 127.9 million bags, suggesting that the overall supply remains sufficient despite regional challenges. In Brazil, crop forecasting agency Conab cut its 2025 arabica estimate in September by 4.9 % to 35.2 million bags, bringing total coffee production for the year to 55.2 million bags.
At the global level, the U.S. Department of Agriculture’s Foreign Agriculture Service (FAS) projects total coffee production for 2025/26 to reach 178.7 million bags — a 2.5 % increase year-on-year. Arabica output is expected to fall 1.7 % to 97 million bags, while robusta is forecast to grow 7.9 % to 81.6 million bags. Ending stocks are likely to rise nearly 5 % to 22.8 million bags, signaling more comfortable supply conditions heading into 2026.
However, climate factors may quickly change that outlook. The U.S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) has raised the probability of a La Niña event to 71 % for the period between October and December. If it materializes, it could lead to drier-than-usual conditions across Brazil’s coffee-growing regions, threatening future yields.
For now, the coffee market remains pulled between political progress and environmental risk. The possibility of a U.S.–Brazil trade agreement could restore smoother coffee flows to the United States and ease supply constraints, but persistent drought conditions in South America and growing output in Southeast Asia continue to shape global price trends. Traders are watching both developments closely as the market searches for direction in the final quarter of 2025.
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